Performance enhancement in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) remains a significant focus within the field of wastewater treatment. MBRs combine biological treatment with membrane separation to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. However, challenges such as fouling, flux decline, and energy consumption can limit

Nanobubbles, minute pockets of gas encapsulated within a liquid, are emerging as a revolutionary technology with immense potential across diverse fields. These constructs, often generated through advanced methods, possess remarkable characteristics such as enhanced permeability. This inherent ability makes them ideal for a range of applications, fr